Gritstone bio was a clinical-stage American biotechnology company which attempted to develop cancer and infectious disease immunotherapies and vaccines. It was founded in August 2015 as Gritstone Oncology, Inc., with offices in Emeryville, California. In September 2021 it raised $55.0 million from the sale of 5,000,000 shares. It started a Phase 1 trial of its self-amplifying mRNA second generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, GRT-R910, in the NIHCR Manchester Clinical Research Facility at Manchester Royal Infirmary, in September 2021. This is to explore the ability of GRT-R910 to boost and expand the immunogenicity of AstraZeneca's first-generation COVID-19 vaccine AZD1222 in healthy adults of more than 60 years. It uses lipid nanoparticles to deliver a broad set of antigens against SARS-CoV-2 that includes both stabilized spike protein and highly conserved viral protein regions containing T cell epitopes. Prof. Andrew Ustianowski is the study’s chief investigator. On 10 November 2021, Gritstone announced positive preclinical data of its second-generation self-amplifying mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primate models. Wikipedia